Individuals At Risk

Amnesty International USA helps to free prisoners of conscience, protect human rights defenders, and support individuals and communities who are at risk of having their human rights violated.

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Last updated on December 5, 2024

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What is the problem?

Around the world, there are people being tortured, attacked, or imprisoned solely because of who they are or what they believe.

Our work on these issues is core to our mission and dates back to our founding in 1961. Amnesty International was founded on the idea that ordinary people around the world could end these human rights abuses by taking action on behalf of other people. Through our Individuals at Risk work, millions of messages have been sent to governments around the world – giving hope to people in dire circumstances, and ultimately helping to stop torture, find people who were forcibly disappeared, protect human rights defenders, and to free thousands of prisoners of conscience who were unjustly imprisoned.

Why is it an issue?

Every day, human rights are violated. People are convicted in unfair trials, prisoners are tortured, and people are put in prison solely because of their identity or their beliefs.

Freedom of expression, association, and assembly are increasingly under attack all around the world. The need to fight for the immediate and unconditional release of all prisoners of conscience is more important than ever.

Amnesty International defines a prisoner of conscience as someone who is imprisoned or otherwise physically restricted (like house arrest) solely because of their political, religious or other conscientiously held beliefs, ethnic origin, sex, color, language, national or social origin, economic status, birth, sexual orientation or other status –who has not used violence or advocated violence or hatred in the circumstances leading to their imprisonment, Amnesty calls for the immediate and unconditional release of all prisoners of conscience.

Human rights defenders (HRD) are routinely the target of judicial harassment, smear campaigns, intimidation, death threats, unlawful surveillance, arbitrary detention, sexual violence, assault, torture, enforced disappearances, and even assassination. Since the adoption of the UN Declaration on HRDs in 1998 until 2021, an estimated 4,814 HRDs have been killed worldwide. In 2022 alone, over 401 HRDs were killed globally, according to Front Line Defenders. Amnesty documented in its 2022/23 Annual Report that 49% of countries around the world arbitrarily detain human rights defenders.

Amnesty International considers a human rights defender to be a person who, individually or in association with others, acts to defend and/or promote human rights at the local, national, regional or international levels. Amnesty International does not consider a person to be an HRD if they resort to or advocate hatred, discrimination or violence, or if they deny the universality of human rights or take action that seeks to undermine the human rights of others.

HRDs come from every walk of life. They can be journalists, lawyers, trade unionists, whistle-blowers, victims or relatives of victims of human rights violations and abuses, members of human rights organizations, women’s rights leaders, environmental activists, teachers, etc. 

Report your Actions

By the numbers
47
Number of countries that arrested people for peaceful expression on social media/online in 2019.

By the numbers
335
Number of U.S. classrooms that participated in the Write for Rights campaign in 2016.

By the numbers
126
positive developments in cases we took on

What is the solution?

Amnesty International investigates hundreds of cases a year all around the world. We work with the individuals and their families to develop campaigns – and then we do everything possible to bring about change in the individual cases and the systems responsible for them.

At any given time, we are campaigning on dozens of cases of people targeted simply for their peaceful activism, views, and personal characteristics. In many cases, we work for years to win someone’s freedom, or to obtain justice in a case, and in some cases we’re the only organization fighting for them.

Our campaigns support people targeted for their peaceful activism, views or personal characteristics to protect their right to protest and express themselves freely. This includes women human rights defenders, trans rights activists, artists and peaceful protesters. These individuals have variously been beaten, jailed, shot at, harassed and intimidated. 

Throughout our history, we have helped secure freedom for thousands of people who were imprisoned simply for exercising their human rights. When just a handful of people unite behind someone, the results can be amazing.

(Amnesty International USA)

Urgent
Action Network

When a person’s human rights are under attack, our global movement responds. We write letters, make calls, and organize in our communities to press for urgent action.


Cecillia Chimbiri and Joanah Mamombe received letters sent to them as a part of the Write for Rights campaign.
(Amnesty International Zimbabwe)

Write for Rights

Every year, Amnesty International’s Write for Rights campaign brings together people from around the world to fight injustice and support people whose human rights are under threat, and this year marks our 23rd year of writing for human rights.


(Amnesty International Turkey)

Human Rights Defenders

Amnesty International considers a human rights defender (HRD) to be a person who, individually or in association with others, acts to defend and/or promote human rights at the local, national, regional or international levels.


Browse Cases

LONDON, ENGLAND - MAY 19: Julian Assange speaks to the media from the balcony of the Embassy Of Ecuador on May 19, 2017 in London, England. Julian Assange, founder of the Wikileaks website that published US Government secrets, has been wanted in Sweden on charges of rape since 2012. He sought asylum in the Ecuadorian Embassy in London and today police have said he will still face arrest if he leaves. (Photo by Jack Taylor/Getty Images)
(Jack Taylor/Getty Images)

Case

Julian Assange

Julian Assange is currently being held at Belmarsh, a high security prison in the U.K., upon a U.S. extradition request…

February 22, 2024

Case

Toffiq al-Bihani

Toffiq al-Bihani is a 45-year-old Yemeni national who has been held at Guantánamo Bay since early 2003 without being charged…

January 10, 2023

Case

Leonard Peltier

Leonard Peltier, an Anishinabe-Lakota Native American, is a federal prisoner serving two consecutive life sentences for the murders of two…

April 22, 2019

Case

Obaidullah

Obaidullah was captured from his home in Afghanistan during a night raid by U.S. Special Forces in July 2002. The…

December 7, 2015

Case

Mustafa al-Hawsawi

Mustafa al-Hawsawi was captured in Pakistan by Pakistani agents in March 2003 and was transferred to the custody of the…

December 7, 2015

Case

Raif Badawi

In May 2014, Raif Badawi was sentenced to 10 years behind bars, 1,000 lashes, a 10-year travel ban, and a…

February 2, 2015

Case

Bahareh Hedayat

Bahareh Hedayat is an Iranian student activist in prison for 10 years on charges including “insulting the president.”

June 19, 2012

Case

The Angola 3

On February 19, 2016, Albert Woodfox, the last imprisoned member of the Angola 3, was released after more than four…

March 27, 2012

Case

Tural Abbasli

Tural Abbasli, aged 29, is a blogger and youth leader in Azerbaijan. In April 2011, he was arrested and later…

March 1, 2012

Case

Troy Davis

The state of Georgia shamefully executed Troy Davis on September 21, 2011 despite serious doubts about his guilt. But our…

September 16, 2011

Case

Bahrain: Jalila al-Salman & Mahdi ‘Issa Mahdi Abu Dheeb

Jalila al-Salman and Mahdi ‘Issa Mahdi Abu Dheeb, leaders of the Bahrain Teachers’ Association (BTA), were arrested in March and…

September 13, 2011

Case

Jabbar Savalan

Jabbar Savalan, a 20-year-old student in Azerbaijan, was sentenced to more than 2 years in prison on fabricated drug charges.…

August 5, 2011