Israeli authorities do not officially recognize Ras Jrabah, and its 500 residents are cut off from essential services. Israel’s Land Authority plans to demolish the village in order to expand the nearby town of Dimona, which is mostly home to Jewish Israelis, and in 2019 issued eviction orders to 129 residents.
“This eviction plan is steeped in the cruelty of apartheid. Five hundred people are at risk of losing the only homes they have ever known and being forcibly transferred to an impoverished new location, where they will be separated from the Jewish Israeli population, said Saleh Hijazi, Amnesty International’s Deputy Director for the Middle East and North Africa.
“Israeli authorities must cancel all eviction and demolition orders in Ras Jrabah, and immediately grant legal recognition and status to all unrecognized villages in the Negev/Naqab.”
Israeli authorities intend to move and resettle the residents of Ras Jrabah in the nearby Bedouin village of Qasr al-Sir. Although the Israeli authorities recognize this village, residents remain excluded from the state’s development plans, making it difficult for them to acquire building permits or receive state services and infrastructure.
Amnesty International visited Ras Jrabah in January 2022 and heard how residents fear their community would have to split up to fit into the planned zones of Qasr al-Sir.
Adalah lawyer Myssana Morany told Amnesty International that, in terms of governance, the Bedouin are separated from Jewish citizens of Israel and that a municipal plan to expand Dimona will not include the Bedouin.
In May, Ras Jrabah resident Musa al-Hawashlah, told Amnesty International:
“We can’t move to a different place. Our whole lives are based here, in this location… Everyone in the village is nervous about the courts, and we are preparing ourselves as best we can.”
Since 2019, three newly built homes have been demolished in Ras Jrabah, according to Adalah lawyer Marwan Abu Frieh. Residents of unrecognized villages are unable to apply for building permits to legalize their homes or to build new ones, which means they are considered illegal and are under constant threat of demolition.
The non-recognition of Bedouin villages is central to Israeli policies of segregation and urbanization of the Bedouin and to the Israeli denial of Bedouin traditional way of life in the Negev/Naqab. For decades, Bedouins in the Negev/Naqab have struggled to gain ownership and recognition of their villages by Israeli authorities. Israeli authorities have enforced home demolitions, forced evictions, and other punitive measures disproportionately against Bedouins as compared with Jewish citizens of Israel not conforming to planning laws in the Negev/Naqab.
“Across Israel and the OPT, displacement is a key strategy used to dominate the lives of Palestinians living under Israel’s system of apartheid. There is no alternative to international justice in the face of Israel’s continued discriminatory policies and practices and the complicity of Israeli courts in their establishment,” said Saleh Hijazi.
Background
In June 2013, the Israeli Knesset approved the Law for Regularizing Bedouin Habitation in the Negev, or what is also known as the Prawer-Begin Bill, to “regularize” the land and housing question, including the 35 unrecognized Bedouin village in the Negev/Naqab through their forcible transfer in the area. Although the law was shelved in 2013, after a campaign to which Amnesty International contributed, the Southern Directorate of Land Law Enforcement, established under the Prawer-Begin Bill, continues to enforce land and planning laws in Bedouin localities, and coordinates the administrative home demolitions with other enforcement bodies, including the Israel police. In stark contrast, Israel has viewed the development of the Negev/Naqab, as “one of the most important national tasks.” In 2005, the Israeli Government adopted the Negev Development Plan which aimed to increase the Jewish population in the region from 535,000 to 900,000 by 2015. In pursuit of the Plan’s goals, law enforcement agencies increased house demolitions in excluded Bedouin villages, and intensified legal efforts to take over Bedouin land by declaring it state land.
When the state of Israel was established, Ras Jrabah and 45 others became effectively invisible on zoning maps and in state development policies. The Israeli authorities refuse to provide “unrecognized villages” with essential state services, and they are cut off from the water network and electricity grid. Residents of unrecognized villages also struggle to access adequate healthcare and education.
Across Israel and the OPT, including in the Naqab/Negev, Israeli authorities have employed a set of interrelated discriminatory policies and practices that have directly caused the displacement and dispossession of Palestinian communities, created unbearable living conditions for Palestinians that have coerced their displacement, or put them at high risk of forced displacement, amounting to a state-sanctioned policy of forcible transfer of population. These policies have been carried out in a widespread and systematic manner, combined with violent acts.
Israel’s discriminatory state policies, regulations and conduct against Palestinians have involved the crime against humanity of deportation or forcible transfer in violation of fundamental rules of international law as provided in the Rome Statute, as well as denying to members of a racial group the right to freedom of movement as prohibited in the Apartheid Convention.
Contact: Gabby Arias, [email protected]